Carotid duplex scanning is a non-invasive ultrasound method that measures blood flow through the carotid arteries, the large arteries that run from the heart through the neck to the brain. It is often the first test done to assess stroke risk and helps the medical team decide what other tests may be needed to determine a diagnosis and treatment plan.0 Carotid duplex scanning offers a quick and non-invasive method for detecting extracranial carotid arterial disease.3 It combines B-mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound within a single instrument, providing both anatomical imaging of the vessel and flow velocity information.2 It is a safe and effective way to assess blood flow and can determine whether there are any narrowings or blockages in the arteries
Vascular ultrasound is a noninvasive test used to evaluate blood flow in the arteries and veins of the arms, neck, and legs. 1 It uses sound waves to detect blockages in the arteries and veins and detect blood clots. A Doppler ultrasound study is usually part of this exam.2 This test can be used to diagnose blood clots and peripheral artery disease, to check blood vessel health after bypass, and to see if you're a good candidate for angioplasty.1 During a vascular ultrasound study, sound waves are transmitted through the tissues of the area being examined and reflect off of blood cells moving within the blood vessels, returning to the ultrasound machine. The sound waves are recorded and displayed on a computer screen to make an image of the blood vessel.
CT-guided biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that can be used to obtain biopsies from virtually any abdominal organ.2 It is less commonly used than ultrasound-guided biopsy, but in some anatomical areas, such as lung and bone biopsies, it has greater precedence.1 A CT scanner is used to check the position of the biopsy needle, making sure that the correct piece of tissue is taken. A biopsy is a test performed in the hospital to investigate the cause of a lump or other abnormal area within a patient, and a doctor takes a small piece of the tissue from the lump using a special type of needle.0 CT-guided biopsy is associated with lower morbidity and mortality than surgical biopsies.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy is a medical procedure that uses sound waves to locate a lump or abnormality and remove a tissue sample for examination under a microscope. It is less invasive than surgical biopsy, leaves little to no scarring, and does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation.3 During the procedure, a radiologist places an ultrasound probe over the site of the breast abnormality, and using local anesthesia, guides a biopsy needle directly into the mass. Multiple tissue specimens are then taken using a hand-held biopsy device.4 Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy is another type of image-guided biopsy that combines the use of ultrasound with either a fine needle aspiration or a core needle biopsy.2 During this procedure, the patient lies on their back or side on an ultrasound table.1 Ultrasound-guided biopsies are typically used to check for cancerous cells of the breast and local regions.
A stress test, sometimes called a treadmill test or exercise test, helps a doctor find out how well your heart handles work. As your body works harder during the test, it requires more oxygen, so the heart must pump more blood. The test can show if the blood supply is reduced in the arteries that supply the heart. It also helps doctors know the kind and level of exercise appropriate for a patient.
A Holter Monitor is a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) used to continuously monitor a patient's heart for a duration of up to 24 hours. A Holter Monitor is used to assess the rhythm of the heart as the patient goes about their normal daily activities. A Holter Monitor is often used to assess whether a rhythm disturbance is responsible for a patient’s symptoms.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a diagnostic test used to determine the presence of hypertension by taking measurements during normal daily activities, over a span of 24 consecutive hours.0 It can be used to confirm a diagnosis of high blood pressure given in a clinical setting and provides more accurate data than in-office blood pressure checks.1 A 24-hour mean BP of 125/75 mm Hg or less, a daytime BP of 130/80 mm Hg or less, or a nighttime BP of 110/65 mm Hg or less with a nocturnal dipping of 10% to 20% are considered normal values for ABPM.3 Healthcare professionals should confirm high blood pressure readings taken in their office with a method called ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before starting treatment, according to recently published recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Laparoscopic surgery is a surgical technique that involves inserting short, narrow tubes (trochars) into the abdomen through small incisions. The surgeon uses long, narrow instruments to manipulate, cut, and sew tissue.2 Laparoscopic surgery is used to diagnose and sometimes treat conditions that develop in the belly or pelvis. To perform a laparoscopy, a surgeon makes a small cut near the belly button that's usually a half-inch long or less.1 Specific surgical instruments used in laparoscopic surgery include obstetrical forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors.
Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person's digestive tract. It involves inserting an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, into a person's body. The doctor can view pictures of the digestive tract on a color TV monitor.0 Endoscopy is used to diagnose diseases in various parts of the body, including the stomach, colon, and small intestine.1 However, there are risks associated with endoscopic procedures.
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells and prevent tumor growth.01 It is a common treatment that may be paired with other cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or surgery. Chemotherapy is usually given intravenously and is an effective treatment but can cause side effects. It is one of several cancer treatments that use drugs against various types of cancer.
Aesthetic/plastic surgeries are surgical and nonsurgical procedures that aim to enhance and reshape the body's structures to improve appearance and confidence.1 These procedures include breast augmentation, liposuction, nose reshaping, eyelid surgery, tummy tuck, and facelift.0 Aesthetic surgery is a central component of plastic surgery and is used in all reconstructive surgical procedures as well as isolated operations to improve overall appearance. While reconstructive surgery aims to restore the function and appearance of tissue and skin, cosmetic surgery aims to improve the appearance of it. The word plastic in plastic surgery means "reshaping" and comes from the Greek (), plastik (tekhn), "the art of modeling" of malleable flesh.2 Plastic surgery is different from cosmetic surgery, which is surgery carried out solely to change a person's appearance to achieve what they feel is a more desirable look.
Cranial ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to make pictures of the brain and its inner fluid chambers (ventricles). It is most commonly used on babies before the bones of the skull have grown together.1 Cranial ultrasound is used to evaluate the brain during the first year of life to look for haemorrhage or a hypoxic-ischemic event in the neonate, to exclude and monitor hydrocephalus, brain malformations, etc.0 There are two types of cranial ultrasounds: head ultrasounds and transcranial Doppler.3 Head ultrasounds use sound waves to make pictures of the brain, while transcranial Doppler can be used in any age group
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that play a key role in regulating blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, metabolism and the reaction of the body to other hormones.
Anatomy of the female breast. The nipple and areola are shown on the outside of the breast. The lymph nodes, lobes, lobules, ducts, and other parts of the inside of the breast are also shown.
USG whole abdomen or ultrasound of the whole abdomen is a medical radiology test. USG (ultrasonography) of the whole abdomen provides live images of the abdominal organs. The images are valuable for doctors to diagnose and treat diseases.
Pelvis, also called bony pelvis or pelvic girdle, in human anatomy, basin-shaped complex of bones that connects the trunk and the legs, supports and balances the trunk, and contains and supports the intestines, the urinary bladder, and the internal sex organs.
A kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) X-ray may be performed to assess the abdominal area for causes of abdominal pain, or to assess the organs and structures of the urinary and/or gastrointestinal (GI) system. A KUB X-ray may be the first diagnostic procedure used to assess the urinary system.
A kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) X-ray may be performed to assess the abdominal area for causes of abdominal pain, or to assess the organs and structures of the urinary and/or gastrointestinal (GI) system. A KUB X-ray may be the first diagnostic procedure used to assess the urinary system.
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is a 5- to 15-minute outpatient procedure that uses sound waves to create a video image of the prostate gland. A small, lubricated probe placed into the rectum releases sound waves, which create echoes as they enter the prostate.3 TRUS can help diagnose prostate cancer, which is the second-most common type of cancer among men in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.0 TRUS may also be called prostate sonogram or endorectal ultrasound.2 During this test, a doctor may take samples of tissue from the prostate as a TRUS guided biopsy.